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Shamanism In Nepal : A Natural Healing Process |
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Photo Gallery |
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Villagers Celebrating Diwali, Banepa, Dhaneshwor |
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Dhāmī carrying weapons and dancing, Banepa, Dhaneshwor |
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Clan Dhāmīs are Dancing in Diwali, Banepa, Dhaneshwor |
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Mahamasta is Dancing in the (Khali), Banepa, Dhaneshwor |
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Mahamasta is Dancing in the Khali, Banepa, Dhaneshwor |
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Dangre Dhāmīs are dancing in Khali, Banepa, Dhaneshwor |
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Clan Dhāmīs are Chanting with beating copper plate, Banepa, Dhaneshwor |
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Clan Dhāmīs are Chanting with taking copper plate, Banepa |
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Near around Bhaluwajor VDC, Manthali |
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Bhaluwajor VDC, Majhi village, Kunauri |
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Researcher interviewing with Vedange and Dhāmī, Muhan, Bhatauli |
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Joankri, Lale |
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Researcher interviewing with Vedange, Muhan, Bhatauli |
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Researcher interviewing with Dhāmī, Muhan, Bhatauli |
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Jhañkri, Lele |
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Dhāmī, Muhan, Bhatauli |
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Researcher interviewing with Vedange, Muhan, Bhatauli |
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Dhāmī (Majhi) & Dhāmī (Hayu), Hattitar |
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Khali |
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Khali is heap of burning coal which will be provided to rip the dangre or kancho-dhāmĩ and khali also helps to release the soul of spirit from the body of dangre and from the living world as well. The entire demonstrated process of Khali can be seen in the attached CD. |
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Dangre (temporary Dhāmī ) |
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Dare Mastha (left first), Mahamastha (left second), Bhairab-Bhanja (center),
Bhairab-Bhanja (right second), Dangre (right first) casting away the effect of kalo bir from the village (Source: Kishor Kumar Thapa)
Dangre is a fresh dhāmī and also termed as kancho dhāmī. During the dhāmī process spirit possess the dangre and makes demands for offering. Later when the same spirits afflict the dangre can deal the spirit effectively. Usually, during the ritual process then would be dangres (among few who participate in the ritual) sit with sapling in their hands. The trembling of the sapling indicates the arrival of spirit and the selection of the person as dangre.
To console the spirit and convert dangre into a permanent dhāmī the dangre has to walk and dance in fire. This happens when the spirit agrees to accept khali. Dangre walks in the fire with senior dhāmīs. First of all dhāmī blew the mantra to the glowing fire then they all (dangre and dhāmīs) jump or dance on it until the fire is completely extinguished. Then the spirit agrees to return to its own dwelling. |
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Kul ka Dhāmī (Clan Dhāmī) |
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Dhāmī rituals (Source: Kishor Kumar Thapa)
These dhāmīs worship their Clan God or Deities, thus called so. The kul devtas can be called only at a specific place and time only. Four major Hindu caste people are further categorized into thar or sub-caste identified by their Gotra, descended from a common ancestor inside the endogamous caste (Caste and class in India; J. H. Hutton). S. V. Karandikar says that the word gotra in Rigveda times, although it did imply the later sense of family, was slowly gathering round it the idea of group. The word definitely came to mean a family in the chhandogya upnishad, but work is same. Clan dhāmīs calls clan god to provide different form of services to the victim or family as a whole. Such dhāmīs quiver when own clan and family is suffered by some spirits and also if some do bad in their dwelling place. They also do as console Bhakal of deities. Such dhāmīs beat only on thaal, hold ghanta or ghand and chammar when they quiver. Most of the times such dhāmīs wear only white clothes.
Mastha overcome to such dhāmīs who are 18 brothers. The eldest of the brothers is mahamastha and others as bara, dare, bhayar, baraha etc. Bhairav is considered to be the nephew of mastha and mahankal is considered to be the mantra. These mastha have originated from Mahadev. Baraha and Bhayar originated from the mane of Mahadev. |
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